The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Value of Life Sciences Innovation initiative at the USC Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics. For helpful comments and criticisms, the authors thank seminar participants at the 2025 Western Pharmacoeconomics Conference and the 2025 ISPOR Annual Meeting. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
I am now employed full-time at a consulting firm which provides consultancy services to pharmaceutical companies, among others.
In the past three years, Dr. Lakdawalla has received speaker fees, travel assistance, or consulting income from the following sources: Amgen, Gilead, Mylan, Novartis, Perrigo, Pfizer, Sorrento Therapeutics, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Lakdawalla also owns equity in Precision Medicine Group, for which he previously served as a consultant. He is also Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of EntityRisk, Inc., which develops software and analytic tools for use by healthcare firms.