When citing this paper please use the following: Goldberg, S and C Meghir “The Effect of Childcare on Female Labor Supply and Child Development in Low and Middle Income Countries”, Annual Reviews of Economics: Submitted. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081426-102307. We thank Helen Baker-Henningham, Radu Ban, Pierre-André Chiappori and Deanna Ford for discussions, comments and suggestions. Excellent research Assistance from Vivian Kaleta is gratefully acknowledged. We are thank the Gates Foundation (INV 058286), the Cowles Foundation and the Institution for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS) at Yale for funding. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.